Effects of Instructional Materials on Geography Perfomance

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study It is generally accepted in the world that pupil’s performance is directly influenced by the instructional materials applied. These instructional materials are the key ingredients in learning. Barnett (1992) comments that teachers should cover the materials in the curriculum and prepares pupils for standardized tests. This may have happened in western countries because of adequate resources. Nevertheless these instructional materials have not been used in the right way in sub-Saharan region particularly in Kenya. Teachers have neglected the use of these materials and in a way they have watered down pupil’s motivation as far as learning is concerned. All these bring to poor performance of†¦show more content†¦The researcher might have a financial constrains as the research will require a lot of money for it to be completed. Conceptual Framework This part will show the scheme of concepts of variables that the researcher will use to achieve the objectives of the research. Independent variables Dependent variables Textbooks Student’s performance Visual aids Learning environment Operational definition of Terms Textbooks: Books used in basis of instruction in school. Visual aids: These are aids that are used by teachers for pupils to look at while they are learning. Environment: It is the surrounding that positively or negatively affects the learning of the pupils. Students: They are boys and girls who learn in secondary schools. Performance: The act of doing well in school work according to the requirement of the school. CHAPTER TWO Literature Review This chapter is a review of the information that has already been recorded by the scholars and writers that gave foundation to my research. It contains the use of instructional materials like the books, visual aids and environment in relation to the pupil’s performance. These materials are used to aid in the transfer information from one person to another .They are also tools or equipments that can help effect the instructor in